Kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) as a biomarker for detection of subclinical nephrotoxic effect of chronic organophosphorus exposure

Theodor Bilharz Research Institute

Bibliographic Information

Authors: Gaballah I.F.; Abdelazeem O.M.; Ali A.M.; Mourad B.H.

Journal: Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine

Publisher: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins

Publication Date: 17 March 2026

ISSN: 10762752

DOI: 10.1097/JOM.0000000000003710

Scopus: View on Scopus

PubMed: 41839780

Document Type: Article

Authors and Affiliations

Gaballah I.F., Occupational and Environmental Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; Abdelazeem O.M., Nephrology Department, Theodore Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt; Ali A.M., Occupational and Environmental Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; Mourad B.H., Occupational and Environmental Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt

Abstract

Objectives: – This study investigated subclinical renal impairment in workers chronically exposed to organophosphorus compounds (OPs) using Kidney Injury Molecule-1 (KIM-1) as a biomarker. Methods: – A comparative cross-sectional study included 74 participants, divided into exposed and control groups. After excluding other renal risk factors, all participants underwent clinical assessment and laboratory investigations, including serum urea, creatinine, cholinesterase, and KIM-1. Results: – Exposed workers had significantly lower mean cholinesterase levels (3610.54±436.41 U/L) than controls (5975.68±860.69 U/L). Median KIM-1 was higher in the exposed group (5.96 ng/ml) compared to controls (0.84 ng/ml). Longer exposure duration and farming occupation were linked with elevated KIM-1. KIM-1 positively correlated with kidney function markers, while cholinesterase showed a negative correlation. Conclusion: – Chronic OP exposure may cause progressive renal damage. KIM-1 is a sensitive biomarker for early detection and monitoring of subclinical tubular injury. Copyright © 2026 American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.

Keywords

Chronic occupational exposure; KIM-1; Organophosphates; Serum cholinesterase; Subclinical nephrotoxicity

Citation Information

Scopus Citations: 0

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