Holothuria arenicola Extract-Loaded Polycaprolactone Nanocapsules Attenuate Bile Duct Ligation-Induced Acute Liver Injury

Theodor Bilharz Research Institute

Bibliographic Information

Authors: Mansour E.M.; Shemis M.; Fahmy S.R.; Amer M.A.; Mohamed A.S.

Journal: Current Nanomedicine

Publisher: Bentham Science Publishers

Publication Date: September 2026

Volume / Issue: Volume 16 / Issue 5

Pages: 771–786

ISSN: 24681873

DOI: 10.2174/0124681873401484250924125945

Scopus: View on Scopus

Document Type: Article

Authors and Affiliations

Mansour E.M., Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt; Shemis M., Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt; Fahmy S.R., Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt; Amer M.A., Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt; Mohamed A.S., Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt

Abstract

Introduction: Cholestatic liver diseases are characterized by jaundice and cholestasis with various consequences that can lead to end-stage liver disease. The present study aims to assess the protective effect of the Holothuria Arenicola extract (HaE)-loaded polycaprolactone (PCL) nanocapsule in a model of bile duct ligation (BDL) in male albino rats. Methods: Thirty male albino rats were divided into two groups: bile duct ligated (BDL) (24 rats) and sham-operated control (6 rats/group). BDL was then divided into 4 subgroups: model untreated, HaE-treated (200 mg/kg, orally), PCL (100 mg/kg, orally), and HaE-PCL (100 mg/kg, orally). Each treatment is conducted for 14 days after BDL surgery. Results: The HaE-PCL nanocapsule exhibited a diameter of 196 nm, a zeta potential of 19.7, and a polydispersity index of 0.7. Treatment with HaE-PCL markedly diminished levels of alanine aminotransferase (23.52 ± 0.83), aspartate aminotransferase (53.62 ± 1.24), alkaline phosphatase (2055.31 ± 17.19), gamma-glutamyl transferase (3.15 ± 0.64), globulins (7.24 ± 0.10), total protein (3.33 ± 0.15), bilirubin (3.46 ± 0.46), creatinine (0.65 ± 0.02), urea (13.36 ± 0.28), uric acid (1.13 ± 0.07), malondialdehyde (liver 1.06 ± 0.09, kidney 1.18 ± 0.08), and nitric oxide (liver 180.5 ± 9.42, kidney 456.02 ± 19.6), while simultaneously increasing levels of glutathione reduced (liver 2.07 ± 0.17, kidney 2.07 ± 0.17) and catalase (liver 354.82 ± 11.4, kidney 227.76 ± 3.15). Histopathological analysis of HaE-PCL-treated rats demonstrated substantial enhancements in liver and kidney morphology, along with a marked reduction in collagen deposition. Furthermore, the immunohistochemistry study demonstrated a significant reduction in TNF-α expression in rats administered HaE-PCL. Discussion: These findings demonstrated that HaE-PCL effectively protects the liver and kidney from cholestasis-induced damage by improving biochemical characteristics and inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation. Conclusion: HaE-PCL exhibits anticholestatic action due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrotic properties. 2026, Bentham Science Publishers

Keywords

bile duct ligation; Cholestasis; fibrosis; nanoparticles; natural product; oxidative stress; sea cucumbers; alanine aminotransferase; alkaline phosphatase; animal extract; aspartate aminotransferase; bilirubin; catalase; chlorpromazine; collagen; creatinine; gamma glutamyltransferase; globulin; glutathione reductase; Holothuria arenicola extract; ketamine; malonaldehyde; nanocapsule; nitric oxide; polycaprolactone; polyvinyl alcohol; protein; tumor necrosis factor; unclassified drug; urea; uric acid; adult; animal cell; animal experiment; animal model; animal tissue; antigen retrieval; apoptosis; Article; bile duct ligation induced liver injury; biochemical analysis; cell vacuole; centrifugation; chemical parameters; collagen deposition; controlled study; disease severity; dispersity; drug loading; duodenum; encapsulation efficiency; histopathology; immunohistochemistry; inflammatory cell; Kupffer cell; laparotomy; LD50; light microscopy; liver and kidney function test; liver cell; liver injury; male; mean hydrodynamic diameter; nanoemulsion; nonhuman; nuclear fragmentation; particle size; particle size distribution; particle suspension; photon correlation spectroscopy; rat; sinusoid; spectroscopy; survival rate; toxicity testing; transmission electron microscopy; tubular epithelial Cell; zeta potential

Citation Information

Scopus Citations: 0

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