Nutritional Status, Oxidative Stress and Endothelial Dysfunction in Elderly Adults with Essential Hypertension, Independent of Intestinal Parasitic Infection: A Case-Control Study

Theodor Bilharz Research Institute

Bibliographic Information

Authors: Mustafa Mohammedzein S.A.; Elnemr M.; Abumohammed N.; Alwaseef M.A.E.; Gad A.A.; Shalaby N.M.; Ewes E.S.A.; Hegab S.E.S.; Sherif M.H.; Taha H.M.; Sabry Y.G.; Fahmy E.M.; Mahrose H.K.A.; Alsharif M.B.; Salah M.A.; Karoof T.S.; Abdou A.M.; Ibrahim E.A.; Almorsy A.A.; Orabi I.A.

Journal: Clinica Terapeutica

Publisher: Societa Editrice Universo

Publication Date: 2026

Volume / Issue: Volume 177 / Issue 3

Pages: 583–590

ISSN: 99074

DOI: 10.7417/CT.2026.2044

Scopus: View on Scopus

PubMed: 42047146

Document Type: Article

Authors and Affiliations

Mustafa Mohammedzein S.A., Department Of Medical Microbiology, Wadi Aldawasir General Hospital, Saudi Arabia; Elnemr M., Urology Department, Luton & Dunstable Hospital, Luton, United Kingdom; Abumohammed N., Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt; Alwaseef M.A.E., Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt; Gad A.A., Cardiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, New Damietta, Egypt; Shalaby N.M., Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia; Ewes E.S.A., Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine for girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt; Hegab S.E.S., Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine for girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt; Sherif M.H., Cardiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt; Taha H.M., Geriatric and Gerontology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Sabry Y.G., Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Fahmy E.M., Endocrinology, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Capital University, Egypt; Mahrose H.K.A., Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt; Alsharif M.B., Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia; Salah M.A., Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt; Karoof T.S., Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Egypt; Abdou A.M., Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt; Ibrahim E.A., Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar university, new Damietta, Egypt; Almorsy A.A., Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kafr El Sheikh University, Egypt; Orabi I.A., Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt

Abstract

Background. Hypertension in elderly adults is associated with oxidative stress, systemic inflammation, and micronutrient deficiencies, which may contribute to endothelial dysfunction. The impact of intestinal parasitic infections on these associations remains unclear. Objective. To investigate the relationships between micronutrient status, oxidative stress, and endothelial health in elderly patients with essential hypertension, independent of intestinal parasitic infection. Methods: In this case–control study, 100 participants (50 hypertensive, 50 normotensive controls) underwent assessment of vitamin D, zinc, C-reactive protein (CRP), oxidized LDL (Ox-LDL), and malondialdehyde (MDA). Stool samples were examined for intestinal parasites. Correlations among biomarkers and multivariate logistic regression were performed to identify independent predictors of hypertension. Results. Demographics and BMI were comparable between groups. No parasitic infections were detected. Hypertensive patients exhibited significantly lower vitamin D and zinc levels and higher CRP, Ox-LDL, and MDA compared with controls (all P < 0.01). Vitamin D and zinc were negatively correlated with CRP, Ox-LDL, and MDA, while CRP, Ox-LDL, and MDA were positively intercorrelated (all P < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression identified MDA, CRP, Ox-LDL, low zinc, and low vitamin D as independent predictors of hypertension, with MDA being the strongest predictor (OR 3.49, 95% CI 1.80–6.75; P < 0.001). Conclusions. Essential hypertension in elderly adults is associated with micronutrient deficiencies, systemic inflammation, and oxidative stress, independent of intestinal parasitic infection. These factors may contribute to endothelial dysfunction and represent potential targets for prevention and therapeutic intervention. Copyright © 2026 Società Editrice Universo (SEU), Roma, Italy. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Keywords

Elderly adults; Endothelial dysfunction; Essential hypertension; Oxidative stress; Vitamin D; Zinc; Aged; Biomarkers; C-Reactive Protein; Case-Control Studies; Endothelium, Vascular; Female; Humans; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Lipoproteins, LDL; Male; Malondialdehyde; Middle Aged; Nutritional Status; C reactive protein; malonaldehyde; oxidized low density lipoprotein; biological marker; low density lipoprotein; adult; Article; body mass; case control study; clinical article; controlled study; correlation analysis; demographics; human; intestinal parasitic infection; intestine infection; lipoprotein blood level; multivariate logistic regression analysis; nutritional deficiency; parasite examination; parasitosis; protein blood level; vitamin blood level; zinc blood level; blood; complication; pathophysiology; vascular endothelium

Citation Information

Scopus Citations: 0

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