Superior superhydrophobic graphene-derived nanocomposites for eco-friendly maritime antifouling surfaces: A review of neoteric development and prospects

Theodor Bilharz Research Institute

Bibliographic Information

Authors: Selim M.S.; El-Safty S.A.; El-Sewify I.M.; Higazy S.A.; Azzam A.M.

Journal: Progress in Organic Coatings

Publisher: Elsevier B.V.

Publication Date: November 2025

Volume / Issue: Volume 208

Article No.: 109424

ISSN: 3009440

DOI: 10.1016/j.porgcoat.2025.109424

Scopus: View on Scopus

Document Type: Review

Authors and Affiliations

Selim M.S., Research Center for Macromolecules and Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Ibaraki-ken, Tsukubashi, 305-0047, Japan, Petroleum Application Department, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), Nasr City, Cairo, 11727, Egypt; El-Safty S.A., Research Center for Macromolecules and Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Ibaraki-ken, Tsukubashi, 305-0047, Japan; El-Sewify I.M., Research Center for Macromolecules and Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Ibaraki-ken, Tsukubashi, 305-0047, Japan; Higazy S.A., Petroleum Application Department, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), Nasr City, Cairo, 11727, Egypt; Azzam A.M., Research Center for Macromolecules and Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Ibaraki-ken, Tsukubashi, 305-0047, Japan, Department of Environmental Research, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute (TBRI), P.O. Box 30, Giza, 12411, Egypt

Abstract

Superhydrophobic nanocomposite coatings have garnered international attention from a wide range of industrial fields. Moreover, antifouling methods of natural surfaces with superhydrophobicity have sparked interest. Thus, nanostructured composites of bioinspired polymers have been used to create effective and environmentally friendly antifouling coatings. Superhydrophobic surfaces are characterized by surface roughness and low free energy. Nowadays, carbonaceous nanofiller-based self-cleaning coatings, particularly graphene materials, represent worldwide direction. In this study, the fundamentals of superhydrophobicity, fabrication of graphene-derived nanocomposites, and applications for self-cleaning surfaces are essentially reviewed. After the ban of organotin compounds in 2003, various superhydrophobic organic/inorganic polymeric nanocomposites have been developed as alternative eco-friendly fouling-prevention materials with chemical surface inertness and physical microfouling repulsion. Hence, fouling expenses and artificial antifouling coating difficulties are also discussed in this review. Recent structured surface modeling using micro–nano binary systems and graphene-derived superhydrophobic nanocomposites for fouling-prevention and self-cleaning coatings are also highlighted. Stability and long-term durability are essential merits for engineering eco-friendly robust superhydrophobic alternatives. This review presents a comprehensive study on the development of graphene-based superhydrophobic polymer nanocomposites with a focus on their surface applications for state-of-the-art fouling release coatings. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

Keywords

Carbonaceous nanofiller; Fouling release; Graphene; Superhydrophobic nanocomposite; Antifouling paint; Chemical cleaning; Environmental management systems; Nanocarbon; Nanoclay; Nanofibers; Self cleaning surfaces; Surface chemistry; Surface cleaning; Antifouling coating; Eco-friendly; Graphenes; Nanofiller; Self-cleaning coatings; Superhydrophobic; Superhydrophobicity; Nanocomposites

Citation Information

Scopus Citations: 34

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