Biomphalaria alexandrina and Artemia salina as Bioindicators of Glyphosate-Isopropyl Ammonium Herbicide Pollution: Biological, Physiological, and Molecular Docking Studies

Theodor Bilharz Research Institute

Bibliographic Information

Authors: Ibrahim A.; Saleh H.; Morad M.

Journal: Journal of Applied Toxicology

Publisher: John Wiley and Sons Ltd

Publication Date: 24 July 2025

Volume / Issue: Volume 45 / Issue 12

Pages: 2664–2676

ISSN: 0260437X

DOI: 10.1002/jat.4870

Scopus: View on Scopus

PubMed: 40708164

Document Type: Article

Access: All Open Access; Bronze Open Access

Authors and Affiliations

Ibrahim A., Medical Malacology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt; Saleh H., Environmental Research Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt; Morad M., Zoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt

Abstract

Glyphosate is a widely used herbicide in agriculture that raises biological, environmental, and health problems. It might affect aquatic life and change the quality of water because it is extremely soluble and can enter water bodies through runoff and soil absorption. The present study aims to explore the implications of glyphosate-isopropyl ammonium herbicide on Biomphalaria alexandrina and Artemia salina as bioindicators. Probit analysis was used to detect its sublethal concentrations on these models; then the present investigation studies its deleterious effects on biological and physiological parameters of B. alexandrina with emphasis on its mechanism to inhibit both sexual hormones by molecular docking. Results show that glyphosate herbicide has a molluscicidal activity against B. alexandrina snails with a half lethal concentration (LC50) of 14.4 mg/L and was toxic against A. salina with LC50 (19.02 mg/L). It had miracicidal and cercaricidal properties. Snails exposed to LC10 or LC25 of glyphosate herbicide exhibited decreases in survival, fecundity, reproductive rates, testosterone, 17β-estradiol, catalase, superoxide dismutase activities, glycogen phosphorylase, and triglycerides, although levels of malonaldehyde, total antioxidant capacity, glucose, and succinate dehydrogenase levels were elevated compared to the control group. The molecular docking simulation has revealed a potential interaction between the ligand molecule, glyphosate-isopropyl ammonium, with estrogen protein and testosterone at their active receptors. In conclusion, B. alexandrina and A. salina proved to be important ecotoxicological bioindicators for glyphosate-isopropyl ammonium, suggesting that in order to minimize any negative effects on aquatic life, this pesticide needs to be closely monitored and controlled. © 2025 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Keywords

Artemia salina; Biomphalaria alexandrina; endocrine disruption; glyphosate; oxidative stress; Animals; Artemia; Biomphalaria; Environmental Monitoring; Glycine; Herbicides; Lethal Dose 50; Molecular Docking Simulation; Water Pollutants, Chemical; catalase; estradiol; estrogen; glucose; glycogen phosphorylase; herbicide; isopropyl ammonium; malonaldehyde; succinate dehydrogenase; superoxide dismutase; testosterone; triacylglycerol; unclassified drug; animal experiment; Article; LC10; LC50; molecular docking; molluscicidal activity; nonhuman; pollution; runoff; sublethal concentration; total antioxidant capacity; animal; drug effect; LD50; metabolism; physiology; procedures; toxicity; water pollutant

Citation Information

Scopus Citations: 0

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