Unveiling the Potential of Syzygium aqueum Extracts: Chemical Profiling, Bioactivities and Assessment of ADME Associated Physicochemical Properties

Theodor Bilharz Research Institute

Bibliographic Information

Authors: Hussien S.M.A.; Abdou A.M.; Saad A.M.; Hamed A.A.; Zahran M.K.; Ghareeb M.A.

Journal: Egyptian Journal of Chemistry

Publisher: National Information and Documentation Centre

Publication Date: 29 May 2025

Volume / Issue: Volume 68 / Issue 9

Pages: 453–466

ISSN: 4492285

DOI: 10.21608/ejchem.2025.369709.11484

Scopus: View on Scopus

Document Type: Article

Authors and Affiliations

Hussien S.M.A., Medicinal Chemistry Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Kornaish El Nile, Warrak El-Hadar, Imbaba, Giza, 12411, Egypt; Abdou A.M., Medicinal Chemistry Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Kornaish El Nile, Warrak El-Hadar, Imbaba, Giza, 12411, Egypt; Saad A.M., Medicinal Chemistry Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Kornaish El Nile, Warrak El-Hadar, Imbaba, Giza, 12411, Egypt; Hamed A.A., Microbial Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Buhouth Street, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt; Zahran M.K., Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Ain-Helwan, Cairo, 11795, Egypt; Ghareeb M.A., Medicinal Chemistry Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Kornaish El Nile, Warrak El-Hadar, Imbaba, Giza, 12411, Egypt

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to assess the antimicrobial, antibiofilm, antioxidant and cytotoxic properties of various solvent extracts derived from Syzygium aqueum leaves. The chemical composition of the most promising extract was also analyzed. In the DPPH assay, the n-butanol extract demonstrated significant antiradical activity, with an IC50 value of 21.80 µg/ml. The same extract exhibited the highest total antioxidant capacity in the phosphomolybdenum assay, measuring 566.66 mg AAE/g dry sample. Furthermore, the n-butanol extract displayed potent cytotoxic effects against HePG2 and HCT-116 cell lines in the MTT assay, with IC50 values of 13.35 µg/ml and 21.68 µg/ml, respectively. Phytochemical analysis led to the isolation and identification of six compounds: gallic acid (1), rutin (2), myricitrin (3), europetin 3-O-rhamnoside (4), quercitrin (5), and chlorogenic acid (6). Their structures were confirmed using spectroscopic techniques, including 1H and 13C-NMR. The antimicrobial and biofilm inhibitory activities of these compounds were tested against various bacterial strains. Gallic acid and rutin showed particularly strong antimicrobial effects against specific pathogens. Additionally, the ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) physicochemical properties of the isolates were assessed, revealing variations in molecular weight, lipophilicity, water solubility, and hydrogen bond interactions. Pharmacokinetic profiling highlighted differences in absorption, permeation, and potential enzyme interactions. Drug-likeness evaluations and bioavailability scores indicated varying potential for drug development, with gallic acid, myricitrin, and europetin 3-O-rhamno-side scoring favorably. Alerts for undesirable chemical features and synthetic accessibility scores provided further insights into their therapeutic potential. This comprehensive analysis offers valuable information on the bioactive properties and therapeutic potential of Syzygium aqueum extracts and their isolated compounds, contributing to their potential application in drug development. ©2025 National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC)

Keywords

ADME; Antimicrobial; Antibiofilm. Antioxidant; cytotoxic; Phenolics; Good Health; Syzygium aqueum; Well-being

Citation Information

Scopus Citations: 0

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