Silibinin enhanced the efficacy of albendazole in treating the muscular phase of experimental trichinellosis

Theodor Bilharz Research Institute

Bibliographic Information

Authors: Fahmy M.-E.A.; Esmat M.; Badawi M.; Abdel Shafi I.R.

Journal: Tropical Animal Health and Production

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media B.V.

Publication Date: 7 May 2025

Volume / Issue: Volume 57 / Issue 4

Article No.: 209

ISSN: 494747

DOI: 10.1007/s11250-025-04429-0

Scopus: View on Scopus

PubMed: 40332448

Document Type: Article

Access: All Open Access; Green Open Access; Hybrid Gold Open Access

Authors and Affiliations

Fahmy M.-E.A., Medical Parasitology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute (TBRI), Giza, Egypt; Esmat M., Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Misr University for Science and Technology, 6th October City, Giza, Egypt; Badawi M., Department of Pathology, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt; Abdel Shafi I.R., Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt

Abstract

Trichinella spiralis is a parasitic nematode with a special life cycle. Both adults and larvae live in two different niches in the same host (intestinal and muscular). The parasite is known to manipulate the immune system of the host to be able to survive. One of the pathways the parasite modulates is the programmed death 1/ programmed death ligand 1 (PD1/PDL1), a pathway important to maintain the immune homeostasis during chronic infections and cancers. Albendazole (ABZ) shows anti-trichinellosis efficacy, especially against the intestinal phase of the infection. In an attempt to discover a drug that would enhance the efficacy of ABZ against the muscular phase, we used 40 CD1 Swiss-Albino male mice divided into 5 groups: normal, infected, infected ABZ-treated, infected Silymarin (SM)-treated, and the infected-treated with a combination group. After euthanasia, the number of diaphragmatic larvae was estimated in the infected and the infected-treated groups. In addition, the tongues and hearts of all mice were subjected to histopathological and immunohistochemical processing and evaluation. Monotherapy groups showed a significant reduction of both larval count and PD1 local expression compared to the infected-only group, however, neither ABZ nor SM alone could reduce the inflammation accompanying infection. The most significant improvements were recorded in the combined treatment group with a reduction rate of 69.95%, a significant reduction of inflammatory infiltrates (p < 0.05), and significant modulation of PDL1 local expression (p < 0.05). So, Silibinin (the major active ingredient of SM) showed anti-trichinellosis activity and enhanced the efficacy of ABZ against the muscular phase of the infection. © The Author(s) 2025.

Keywords

Albendazole; Combination; Mice; PD1; Silymarin; Trichinellosis; Animals; Anthelmintics; Drug Synergism; Drug Therapy, Combination; Larva; Male; Silybin; Trichinella spiralis; anthelmintic agent; silibinin; animal; combination drug therapy; drug effect; drug potentiation; drug therapy; mouse; parasitology; trichinosis

Citation Information

Scopus Citations: 1

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