Role of brain renin–angiotensin system in depression: A new perspective

Theodor Bilharz Research Institute

Bibliographic Information

Authors: Ali N.H.; Al-Kuraishy H.M.; Al-Gareeb A.I.; Albuhadily A.K.; Hamad R.S.; Alexiou A.; Papadakis M.; Saad H.M.; Batiha G.E.-S.

Journal: CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics

Publisher: John Wiley and Sons Inc

Publication Date: 12 November 2023

Volume / Issue: Volume 30 / Issue 4

Article No.: e14525

ISSN: 17555930

DOI: 10.1111/cns.14525

Scopus: View on Scopus

PubMed: 37953501

Document Type: Review

Access: All Open Access; Gold Open Access; Green Open Access

Authors and Affiliations

Ali N.H., Department of Internal Medicine, Medical College, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia; Al-Kuraishy H.M., Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq; Al-Gareeb A.I., Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq; Albuhadily A.K., Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq; Hamad R.S., Biological Sciences Department, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia, Central Laboratory, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt; Alexiou A., University Centre for Research & Development, Chandigarh University, Punjab, Mohali, India, Department of Science and Engineering, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW, Australia, AFNP Med, Wien, Austria; Papadakis M., Department of Surgery II, University Hospital Witten-Herdecke, University of Witten-Herdecke, Wuppertal, Germany; Saad H.M., Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Matrouh, Egypt; Batiha G.E.-S., Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, AlBeheira, Damanhour, Egypt

Abstract

Depression is a mood disorder characterized by abnormal thoughts. The pathophysiology of depression is related to the deficiency of serotonin (5HT), which is derived from tryptophan (Trp). Mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation are involved in the pathogenesis of depression. Notably, the renin–angiotensin system (RAS) is involved in the pathogenesis of depression, and different findings revealed that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) may be effective in depression. However, the underlying mechanism for the role of dysregulated brain RAS-induced depression remains speculative. Therefore, this review aimed to revise the conceivable role of ACEIs and ARBs and how these agents ameliorate the pathophysiology of depression. Dysregulation of brain RAS triggers the development and progression of depression through the reduction of brain 5HT and expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and the induction of mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. Therefore, inhibition of central classical RAS by ARBS and ACEIs and activation of non-classical RAS prevent the development of depression by regulating 5HT, BDNF, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. © 2023 The Authors. CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Keywords

angiotensin; angiotensin receptor blockers; angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; depression; renin–angiotensin system; Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Humans; Mitochondrial Diseases; Neuroinflammatory Diseases; Renin-Angiotensin System; angiotensin 1 receptor; angiotensin 1 receptor antagonist; angiotensinogen; brain derived neurotrophic factor; calcium channel blocking agent; captopril; corticosterone; corticotropin releasing factor; dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase; dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase inhibitor; dopamine; duloxetine; escitalopram; etanercept; gamma interferon; imipramine; interleukin 1beta; interleukin 2; interleukin 6; irbesartan; isotretinoin; kynurenine; memantine; mirtazapine; neuroleptic agent; neurotransmitter; neurotrophic factor; olanzapine; prostacyclin; quetiapine; reactive oxygen metabolite; resveratrol; risperidone; serotonin; sertraline; spironolactone; telmisartan; tricyclic antidepressant agent; tryptophan; valsartan; angiotensin receptor antagonist; Alzheimer disease; amygdala; antidepressant activity; anxiety; astrocyte; atherosclerosis; atrial fibrillation; bipolar disorder; blood brain barrier; brain analysis; choroid plexus; cognition; cognitive defect; corticosterone release; electromagnetism; endoplasmic reticulum stress; fatigue; headache; hippocampus; human; hypertension; hypothalamus hypophysis adrenal system; immune response; inflammation; memory disorder; microglia; mood disorder; mouse; nerve cell plasticity; nervous system development; nervous system inflammation; neuromodulation; neurosis; neurotoxicity; neurotransmission; nonhuman; oxidative stress; Parkinson disease; pathophysiology; prevalence; primary hyperaldosteronism; protein expression; protein function; psychosis; psychotherapy; regulatory T lymphocyte; renin angiotensin aldosterone system; Review; risk factor; signal transduction; sleep disorder; transcranial direct current stimulation; traumatic brain injury; upregulation; vagus nerve stimulation; vasoconstriction; vasospasm; disorders of mitochondrial functions

Citation Information

Scopus Citations: 47

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