Toxicological effects of Saponin on the free larval stages of Schistosoma mansoni, infection rate, some biochemical and molecular parameters of Biomphalaria alexandrina snails

Theodor Bilharz Research Institute

Bibliographic Information

Authors: Ibrahim A.M.; Gad El-Karim R.M.; Ali R.E.; Nasr S.M.

Journal: Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology

Publisher: Academic Press Inc.

Publication Date: April 2023

Volume / Issue: Volume 191

Article No.: 105357

ISSN: 483575

DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105357

Scopus: View on Scopus

PubMed: 36963932

Document Type: Article

Authors and Affiliations

Ibrahim A.M., Medical Malacology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Imbaba, Giza, Egypt; Gad El-Karim R.M., Medical Malacology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Imbaba, Giza, Egypt; Ali R.E., Medical Malacology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Imbaba, Giza, Egypt; Nasr S.M., Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Medicinal chemistry Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt

Abstract

Saponins have been used as biopesticides. The objective of the present study is to investigate the toxic effects of Saponin against Biomphalaria alexandrina snails. Results showed that Saponin exhibited a molluscicidal activity against adult B. alexandrina snails at LC50 (70.05 mg/l) and had a larvicidal effect on the free larval stages of Schistosoma mansoni. To evaluate the lethal effects, snails were exposed to either LC10 (51.8 mg/l) or LC25 (60.4 mg/l) concentrations of Saponin. The survival, the infection rates, protein, albumin, and total fat levels were decreased, while glucose levels were increased in exposed snails compared to control snails. Also, these concentrations significantly raised Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Glutathione S Transferase (GST) levels, whereas reduced Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in exposed snails. Furthermore, these concentrations resulted in endocrine disruptions where it caused a significant increase in testosterone (T) level; while a significant decrease in Estradiol (E2) levels were noticed. As for Estrogen (E) level, it was increased after exposure to LC10 Saponin concentration while after exposure to LC25 concentration, it was decreased. Also, LC10 and LC25 concentrations of Saponin caused a genotoxic effect and down-regulation of metabolic cycles in the snails. In conclusion, Saponins caused deleterious effects on the intermediate host of schistosomiasis mansoni. Therefore, B. alexandrina snails could be used as models to screen the toxic effects of Saponins in the aquatic environment and if it was used as a molluscicide, it should be used cautiously and under controlled circumstances. © 2023 Elsevier Inc.

Keywords

Biomphalaria alexandrina; Endocrine disruption; Molecular changes; Molluscicide; Oxidative stress biomarkers; Saponin; Animals; Biomphalaria; Larva; Molluscacides; Saponins; Schistosoma mansoni; Snails; molluscacide; animal; metabolism; snail

Citation Information

Scopus Citations: 23

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