Nitazoxanide, Ivermectin, and Artemether effects against cryptosporidiosis in diabetic mice: parasitological, histopathological, and chemical studies

Theodor Bilharz Research Institute

Bibliographic Information

Authors: El-Ashkar A.M.; Mahmoud S.; Sabry H.; Guirguis N.; El Komi W.; Ali E.; Abu Shousha T.; Abdelmksoud H.F.

Journal: Journal of Parasitic Diseases

Publisher: Springer

Publication Date: 7 September 2022

Volume / Issue: Volume 46 / Issue 4

Pages: 1070–1079

ISSN: 9717196

DOI: 10.1007/s12639-022-01527-w

Scopus: View on Scopus

Document Type: Article

Access: All Open Access; Green Open Access; Hybrid Gold Open Access

Authors and Affiliations

El-Ashkar A.M., Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Mahmoud S., Department of Medical Parasitology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt; Sabry H., Department of Medical Parasitology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt; Guirguis N., Department of Medical Parasitology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt; El Komi W., Department of Medical Parasitology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt; Ali E., Department of Medical Parasitology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt; Abu Shousha T., Department of Pathology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt; Abdelmksoud H.F., Department of Medical Parasitology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt

Abstract

Human cryptosporidiosis is one of the most significant causes of water borne epidemics of diarrhea worldwide. It is extremely important in immunocompromised hosts and malnourished children as it could cause severe life-threatening diarrhea. Despite the global burden of the disease, there are only few available therapies against cryptosporidiosis. Diabetes mellitus is a common metabolic disorder that impair both the innate and adaptive immune responses of the patient. This study aimed to test the effect of Nitazoxanide, Ivermectin, and Artemether against cryptosporidiosis in diabetic mice. Sixty white albino mice were categorized into 6 groups; 10 mice each: GI: normal non-infected non-treated (healthy- control), GII-GVI (diabetic groups), GII: non-infected non treated (diabetic control), GIII: infected non treated (infected control), GIV: infected and treated with Nitazoxanide (NTZ), GV: infected and treated with Ivermectin (IVC), GVI: infected and treated with Artemether (ART). Parasitological, histopathological, and chemical examinations were done to evaluate the effect of NTZ, IVC, and ART against cryptosporidiosis in diabetic mice. Parasitological examination revealed maximum reduction of oocyst shedding in GVI, while histopathological examination showed the least pathologic changes in GV with mild vascular wall fibrosis and moderate lymphocytic infiltration of islets of Langerhans. Measurement of blood glucose level showed the best results with GIV. Nitazoxanide is effective against cryptosporidiosis in diabetic patients with minimal hyperglycemia, Artemether is especially effective in reducing the oocyst shedding in stool, whereas Ivermectin is associated with the least pathological changes in pancreatic islets of Langerhans. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.] © 2022, Indian Society for Parasitology.

Keywords

Artemether; Cryptosporidium; Diabetes mellitus; Ivermectin; Nitazoxanide; eosin; hematoxylin; streptozocin; albino mouse; animal experiment; animal model; animal tissue; Article; blood glucose monitoring; body weight; cell infiltration; comparative study; controlled study; cryptosporidiosis; drug effect; feces analysis; fibrosis; histopathology; hyperglycemia; lymphocytic infiltration; male; mouse; nonhuman; pancreas islet; parasitology

Citation Information

Scopus Citations: 8

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