Assessment of schistosomiasis transmission in the River Nile at Greater Cairo using malacological surveys and cercariometry

Theodor Bilharz Research Institute

Bibliographic Information

Authors: El-Khayat H.M.M.; Mossalem H.S.; El-Hommossany K.; Sayed S.S.M.; Mohammed W.A.; Zayed K.M.; Saied M.; Habib M.R.

Journal: Journal of Parasitic Diseases

Publisher: Springer

Publication Date: 10 September 2022

Volume / Issue: Volume 46 / Issue 4

Pages: 1090–1102

ISSN: 9717196

DOI: 10.1007/s12639-022-01529-8

Scopus: View on Scopus

Document Type: Article

Access: All Open Access; Green Open Access

Authors and Affiliations

El-Khayat H.M.M., Environmental Research and Medical Malacology Division, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, 12411, Egypt; Mossalem H.S., Environmental Research and Medical Malacology Division, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, 12411, Egypt; El-Hommossany K., Environmental Research and Medical Malacology Division, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, 12411, Egypt; Sayed S.S.M., Environmental Research and Medical Malacology Division, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, 12411, Egypt; Mohammed W.A., Environmental Research and Medical Malacology Division, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, 12411, Egypt; Zayed K.M., Environmental Research and Medical Malacology Division, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, 12411, Egypt; Saied M., Environmental Research and Medical Malacology Division, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, 12411, Egypt; Habib M.R., Environmental Research and Medical Malacology Division, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, 12411, Egypt

Abstract

Continuous field studies on the abundance and distribution of freshwater snails and cercarial populations are important for schistosomiasis control programs. In the present work, snail surveys and cercariometry were conducted for four successive seasons at 12 sites on the Nile River banks in the area of Greater Cairo to identify potential transmission foci for schistosomiasis. In addition, water physicochemical parameters were recorded. The results showed that the electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, dissolved oxygen, and pH were within the permissible levels, except that the water temperature increased, especially in the spring season. Malacological surveys identified 10 native snail species at the studied sites of the Nile River, namely Bulinus truncatus, Biomphalaria alexandrina, Lymnaea natalensis, Lanistes carinatus, Cleopatra bulimoides, Melanoides tuberculata, Helisoma duryi, Bellamya unicolor, Physa acuta, Thedoxus niloticus, and one invasive snail species, Thiara scabra. The calculated diversity index indicated that the structure of snails’ habitats was poor, while Evenness index indicated that the individuals were not distributed equally. Natural infection results identified no schistosome cercariae in B. truncatus and B. alexandrina. However, the cercariometry recovered Schistosoma cercariae in all the surveyed sites during all seasons with variable distribution. The preceding data suggest that there are still some active transmission foci for schistosomiasis infection in the Nile River. Moreover, the present finding highlights the importance of cercariomety as a complementary approach to snail samplings for identifying the transmission foci for schistosomiasis. © 2022, Indian Society for Parasitology.

Keywords

Biomphalaria alexandrina; Bulinus truncatus; Cercariometry; Schistosomiasis; Snail surveys; dissolved oxygen; aquatic environment; Article; Bulinus; disease surveillance; disease transmission; diversity index; electric conductivity; eutrophication; habitat; nonhuman; pH; phylogeny; Physella acuta; physical chemistry; Planorbella; population density; Radix natalensis; riparian ecosystem; Schistosoma; seasonal variation; snail; spring; Tursiops truncatus; water temperature; winter

Citation Information

Scopus Citations: 7

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