The comparative effect of chlorine and Huwa-san as disinfecting agents on Biomphalaria alexandrina snails and free larval stages of Schistosoma mansoni

Theodor Bilharz Research Institute

Bibliographic Information

Authors: Sayed S.S.M.; Abdel-Wareth M.T.A.

Journal: Parasitology Research

Publisher: Springer Verlag

Publication Date: 2 August 2017

Volume / Issue: Volume 116 / Issue 10

Pages: 2627–2635

ISSN: 9320113

DOI: 10.1007/s00436-017-5569-9

Scopus: View on Scopus

PubMed: 28766154

Document Type: Article

Authors and Affiliations

Sayed S.S.M., Environmental Research and Medical Malacology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, P.O11635, Giza, Egypt; Abdel-Wareth M.T.A., Environmental Research and Medical Malacology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, P.O11635, Giza, Egypt

Abstract

Many chemicals are applied for disinfecting purposes. Although chlorination is the most common procedure, it has many drawbacks. So there becomes an urgent need for new chemicals which are both effective and less harmful to other water fauna. The present work aims at investigating the comparative effects of chlorine and Huwa-san as a new disinfectant on Biomphalaria alexandrina snails which act as bioindicators of toxicity, besides evaluating their miracicidal and cercaricidal activities. The results showed that Huwa-san was more toxic on tested snails than chlorine, where the LC50 values were 21 and 1368.9 ppm, respectively after 24 h. Also, it was found that the activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in snails’ tissues were either induced or inhibited according to the tested disinfectant. Regarding reduced glutathione (GSH) content, it was increased as chlorine concentrations increased, while it reached its minimum content at the highest Huwa-san concentration. Such fluctuations were supported by histopathological examination of digestive and hermaphrodite glands, as prolonged exposure to chlorine led to more detrimental effects than Huwa-san concentrations. Moreover, Huwa-san was more effective on Schistosoma mansoni miracidia than on its cercariae, while the reverse was observed with chlorine. In conclusion, Huwa-san as a newly applied disinfectant can also be used as miracicidal and cercaricidal agent at small concentrations. Despite being more toxic to B. alexandrina snails, the chronic effect of its sublethal concentrations is less harmful than chlorine. © 2017, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany.

Keywords

Antioxidant parameters; Biomphalaria alexandrina; Cercariae; Chlorine; Histopathological examination; Huwa-san; Miracidia; Animals; Biomphalaria; Disinfectants; Larva; Schistosoma mansoni; catalase; disinfectant agent; glutathione; glutathione peroxidase; glutathione transferase; huwa san; superoxide dismutase; unclassified drug; animal tissue; anthelmintic activity; Article; chlorination; connective tissue; controlled study; enzyme activity; exocrine gland; hermaphrodite; histopathology; intermethod comparison; larval stage; LC50; long term exposure; nonhuman; priority journal; secretory cell; toxicity testing; animal; comparative study; drug effects

Citation Information

Scopus Citations: 6

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