Cancer-associated thrombosis: An overview

Theodor Bilharz Research Institute

Bibliographic Information

Authors: Elyamany G.; Alzahrani A.M.; Bukhary E.

Journal: Clinical Medicine Insights: Oncology

Publisher: Libertas Academica Ltd.

Publication Date: 4 December 2014

Volume / Issue: Volume 8

Pages: 129–137

ISSN: 11795549

DOI: 10.4137/CMO.S18991

Scopus: View on Scopus

Document Type: Review

Access: All Open Access; Gold Open Access; Green Open Access

Authors and Affiliations

Elyamany G., Department of Hematology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt, Department of Pathology and Blood Bank, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Alzahrani A.M., Department of Oncology, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Bukhary E., Department of Oncology, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common complication in patients with malignant disease. Emerging data have enhanced our understanding of cancer-associated thrombosis, a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with cancer. In addition to VTE, arterial occlusion with stroke and anginal symptoms is relatively common among cancer patients, and is possibly related to genetic predisposition. Several risk factors for developing venous thrombosis usually coexist in cancer patients including surgery, hospital admissions and immobilization, the presence of an indwelling central catheter, chemotherapy, use of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) and new molecular-targeted therapies such as antiangiogenic agents. Efective prophylaxis and treatment of VTE reduced morbidity and mortality, and improved quality of life. Low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) is preferred as an efective and safe means for prophylaxis and treatment of VTE. It has largely replaced unfractionated heparin (UFH) and vitamin K antagonists (VKAs). Recently, the development of novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs) that directly inhibit factor Xa or thrombin is a milestone achievement in the prevention and treatment of VTE. Tis review will focus on the epidemiology and pathophysiology of cancer-associated thrombosis, risk factors, and new predictive biomarkers for VTE as well as discuss novel prevention and management regimens of VTE in cancer according to published guidelines. © the authors, publisher and licensee libertas academica limited.

Keywords

Cancer; Low-molecular-weight heparin; Management; Thrombosis; angiogenesis inhibitor; antianemic agent; anticoagulant agent; antivitamin K; apixaban; betrixaban; biological marker; coumarin derivative; dabigatran etexilate; dalteparin; enoxaparin; fondaparinux; heparin; low molecular weight heparin; placebo; rivaroxaban; semuloparin; tinzaparin; warfarin; angina pectoris; artery occlusion; bleeding; cancer associated thrombosis; cancer chemotherapy; cancer patient; cerebrovascular accident; comorbidity; deep vein thrombosis; drug clearance; drug half life; drug use; genetic predisposition; heparin induced thrombocytopenia; hospital admission; human; immobilization; indwelling catheter; lung embolism; malignant neoplastic disease; molecularly targeted therapy; morbidity; mortality; pathophysiology; practice guideline; quality of life; Review; risk factor; surgery; thrombosis prevention; vein thrombosis; venous thromboembolism

Citation Information

Scopus Citations: 187

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