New insights into the effects of microbiome and its derived metabolites on targeted immunotherapy

Theodor Bilharz Research Institute

Bibliographic Information

Authors: Elghannam M.T.; Hassanien M.H.; Ameen Y.A.R.; Turky E.A.; ELattar G.M.; ELRay A.A.; ELTalkawy M.D.

Journal: Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH

Publication Date: 16 November 2025

Volume / Issue: Volume 37 / Issue 1

Article No.: 74

ISSN: 11100362

DOI: 10.1186/s43046-025-00330-x

Scopus: View on Scopus

PubMed: 41243049

Document Type: Review

Access: All Open Access; Gold Open Access; Green Open Access

Authors and Affiliations

Elghannam M.T., Hepatogastroenterology deparment, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt; Hassanien M.H., Hepatogastroenterology deparment, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt; Ameen Y.A.R., Hepatogastroenterology deparment, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt; Turky E.A., Hepatogastroenterology deparment, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt; ELattar G.M., Hepatogastroenterology deparment, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt; ELRay A.A., Hepatogastroenterology deparment, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt; ELTalkawy M.D., Hepatogastroenterology deparment, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt

Abstract

The significance of gut bacteria and their byproducts is gaining greater recognition, especially in the realm of immunotherapy. An imbalance in gut bacteria or their byproducts is intricately linked to the onset, progression, and treatment of cancer. Metabolites derived from gut microbiota, including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), secondary bile acids (SBAs), indole derivatives, and trimethylamine oxide (TMAO), engage with cellular targets to initiate intracellular signaling pathways. These signals are conveyed to the cell, influencing its growth. Targeted therapies encompass a complex and ever-evolving area that is crucial in cancer management. Nonetheless, it is vital to recognize that targeted therapy encounters a multitude of challenges. Factors influencing the success of targeted therapy include drug resistance resulting from prolonged use, side effects, and variations in genetic mutations, tumor diversity, and the complex nature of the tumor microenvironment. Recently, we have deepened our understanding of the relationship between the gut microbiome and anticancer targeted therapies. This is one face of the molecular pathologic epidemiology. This prompts us to investigate promising treatment strategies linked to these gut bacteria and their metabolites, thereby unlocking new possibilities for targeted anticancer therapies. © The Author(s) 2025.

Keywords

Bacterial metabolites; Drug-resistance; Gut microbiota; Targeted therapy; Bile Acids and Salts; Fatty Acids, Volatile; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Immunotherapy; Indoles; Methylamines; Molecular Targeted Therapy; Neoplasms; Tumor Microenvironment; bile acid; indole derivative; short chain fatty acid; trimethylamine oxide; methylamine; trimethyloxamine; volatile fatty acid; antineoplastic activity; cancer inhibition; drug resistance; drug therapy; gut microbiome; human; intestine flora; intracellular signaling; metabolite; microbiome; nonhuman; pharmacology; review; signal transduction; drug effect; immunology; metabolism; microbiology; molecularly targeted therapy; neoplasm; procedures; therapy

Citation Information

Scopus Citations: 1

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