Seasonal Monitoring of the River Nile in the Area of Greater Cairo Using a Combined Approach of Certain Chemical Criteria and Macroinvertebrates Matrices

Theodor Bilharz Research Institute

Bibliographic Information

Authors: El-Khayat H.M.M.; Habib M.R.; Mohammed W.A.; Zayed K.M.; Sayed S.S.M.

Journal: Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries

Publisher: Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health

Publication Date: 1 September 2025

Volume / Issue: Volume 29 / Issue 5

Pages: 1347–1369

ISSN: 11106131

DOI: 10.21608/ejabf.2025.410857.6346

Scopus: View on Scopus

Document Type: Article

Access: All Open Access; Gold Open Access

Authors and Affiliations

El-Khayat H.M.M., Environmental Research Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, 12411, Egypt; Habib M.R., Medical Malacology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, 12411, Egypt; Mohammed W.A., Environmental Research Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, 12411, Egypt; Zayed K.M., Medical Malacology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, 12411, Egypt; Sayed S.S.M., Environmental Research Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, 12411, Egypt

Abstract

Macroinvertebrates are valuable surrogates in reflecting the health of river streams through their abundance, taxa richness (TR), and functional feeding groups. The present work aimed at monitoring the water quality (WQ) of the River Nile in the greater Cairo area, the most crowded with multiple human activities, using a combined approach of some physical parameters, metals, and macroinvertebrates matrices during four successive seasons. Results showed that all physical water parameters and metals were approximately at the normal levels (except temperature & Cu). The highest TR was in spring and was consistent with the low average of organic pollution determined by the Hilsenhoff biotic index (HBI), reflecting fair WQ. In contrast, the lowest abundance during winter was consistent with the highest HBI, indicating a poor WQ. Multimetric macroinvertebrates index flanders showed poor WQ during winter, while moderate WQ was observed during the rest three seasons. Filtering collectors and scrapers were the predominant functional feeding groups (FFGs), then predators at lower abundance. Gathering collectors were absent during winter, while shredders were absent in all seasons. The matrix plot showed a strong positive correlation between all FFGs and Fe, Zn, and Ca, while it showed a negative correlation with Cu. Analysis of stream ecological health matrices showed that the Nile stream was autotrophic during spring and winter, while a natural predator-to-prey was balanced during autumn, spring, and summer. Indices of habitat stability and filtering collectors pointed to perfect stable substrates only during autumn, spring, and summer, when most feeding groups were represented. © 2025, Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health. All rights reserved.

Keywords

FFGs; Indices; Macroinvertebrates; Metals; The River Nile; Water quality

Citation Information

Scopus Citations: 0

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