Diagnostic Potential of S. mansoni Egg and Worm Antigens for Urogenital Schistosomiasis in Resource-Limited Settings

Theodor Bilharz Research Institute

Bibliographic Information

Authors: Sulaiman K.A.; Oriade T.O.; Auta T.; Afolayan F.I.D.; Odaibo A.B.; Grenfell R.F.Q.; Fatem R.G.; Oyeyemi O.T.

Journal: Parasite Immunology

Publisher: John Wiley and Sons Inc

Publication Date: 16 July 2025

Volume / Issue: Volume 47 / Issue 7

Article No.: e70015

ISSN: 1419838

DOI: 10.1111/pim.70015

Scopus: View on Scopus

PubMed: 40671165

Document Type: Article

Authors and Affiliations

Sulaiman K.A., Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo, Nigeria, Tropical Medicine & Diagnostics Development Group, Seeding Graduate Laboratory, University of Medical Science, Ondo, Nigeria; Oriade T.O., Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo, Nigeria, Tropical Medicine & Diagnostics Development Group, Seeding Graduate Laboratory, University of Medical Science, Ondo, Nigeria; Auta T., Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University Dutsin-Ma, Katsina, Nigeria; Afolayan F.I.D., Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Oyo, Ibadan, Nigeria; Odaibo A.B., Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Oyo, Ibadan, Nigeria; Grenfell R.F.Q., Diagnosis and Therapy of Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Rene Rachou Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States; Fatem R.G., Schistosome Biological Supply Center, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt; Oyeyemi O.T., Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo, Nigeria, Tropical Medicine & Diagnostics Development Group, Seeding Graduate Laboratory, University of Medical Science, Ondo, Nigeria

Abstract

Around 90% of those at risk for schistosomiasis live in Africa, with urogenital schistosomiasis (UGS) prevalent in Sub-Saharan Africa. This study examines Schistosoma mansoni egg and worm antigens as cost-effective diagnostic alternatives, addressing challenges in maintaining S. haematobium in animal models. Sera and urine samples from schistosomiasis endemic and non-endemic areas were analysed against S. mansoni worm (Sm SWA) and egg antigens (Sm SEA) using indirect ELISA to detect S. haematobium specific antibodies. Microscopy was adopted as the diagnostic reference standard. Sensitivity (SS) ranged from 80% to 96%, and specificity (SP) ranged from 42% to 90%. Sm SWA showed slightly higher sensitivity than Sm SEA in negative non-endemic (NNE) populations. The best area under the curve (AUC) was 0.96 for Sm SEA-NNE. Both antigens performed better in diagnosing UGS in non-endemic samples, suggesting their suitability among travellers arriving from endemic areas. The anti-schistosomal IgG responses to Sm SWA and SEA in both negative endemic (NE) and NNE samples were statistically significant (p < 0.0001) compared to positive samples, except in NE sera samples tested with Sm SEA. Key findings indicate that Sm SEA and SWAP are effective diagnostic tools for S. haematobium infection, with high sensitivity suggesting their potential for new immunodiagnostic methods for UGS. © 2025 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Keywords

immunodiagnostic tools; indirect ELISA; Schistosoma mansoni antigens; sensitivity and specificity; urogenital schistosomiasis (UGS); Adolescent; Adult; Africa South of the Sahara; Animals; Antibodies, Helminth; Antigens, Helminth; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Humans; Immunoglobulin G; Male; Resource-Limited Settings; Schistosoma haematobium; Schistosoma mansoni; Schistosomiasis haematobia; Schistosomiasis mansoni; Young Adult; antibody; antigen; cross reacting antibody; helminth antibody; parasite antigen; Article; ascariasis; Ascaris lumbricoides; asymptomatic infection; blood sampling; child; cohort analysis; controlled study; cost effectiveness analysis; diagnostic test accuracy study; human; human tissue; major clinical study; microscopy; nonhuman; parasite serodiagnosis; resource limited setting; schistosomiasis; Strongyloides stercoralis; strongyloidiasis; Taenia saginata; travel; urine sampling; urogenital tract infection; animal; blood; diagnosis; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; evaluation study; immunology; procedures

Citation Information

Scopus Citations: 0

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