Serodiagnosis of urogenital schistosomiasis and profiling of immunoreactive protein(s) in Schistosoma haematobium soluble egg and adult worm antigens

Theodor Bilharz Research Institute

Bibliographic Information

Authors: Sulaiman K.A.; Oriade T.O.; Auta T.; Afolayan F.I.D.; Odaibo A.B.; Grenfell R.F.Q.; Fatem R.G.; Oyeyemi O.T.

Journal: Journal of Vector Borne Diseases

Publisher: Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications

Publication Date: 18 June 2025

Volume / Issue: Volume 62 / Issue 2

Pages: 187–194

ISSN: 9729062

DOI: 10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_150_24

Scopus: View on Scopus

PubMed: 42041245

Document Type: Article

Access: All Open Access; Gold Open Access; Green Open Access

Authors and Affiliations

Sulaiman K.A., Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo State, Ondo, Nigeria, Tropical Medicine and Diagnostics Development Group, Seeding Graduate Laboratory, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo State, Ondo, Nigeria; Oriade T.O., Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo State, Ondo, Nigeria, Tropical Medicine and Diagnostics Development Group, Seeding Graduate Laboratory, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo State, Ondo, Nigeria; Auta T., Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University Dutsin-Ma, Nigeria; Afolayan F.I.D., Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Oyo State, Ibadan, Nigeria; Odaibo A.B., Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Oyo State, Ibadan, Nigeria; Grenfell R.F.Q., Diagnosis and Therapy of Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Rene Rachou Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States; Fatem R.G., Schistosome Biological Supply Center, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt; Oyeyemi O.T., Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo State, Ondo, Nigeria, Tropical Medicine and Diagnostics Development Group, Seeding Graduate Laboratory, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo State, Ondo, Nigeria

Abstract

Background & objectives: To achieve schistosomiasis eradication plan by 2030, the development of efficient diagnosis is crucial. This study focuses on assessing the immunodiagnostic potential of S. haematobium (Sh) soluble egg antigen (SEA) and worm antigen (SWA) for urogenital schistosomiasis. Methods: Urine microscopy identified 50 S. haematobium-positive and 50 negative samples from a total of 500 examined. An additional 50 samples from a non-endemic area were included, bringing the total number of samples used for the assay to 150. Indirect ELISA immunoassays using SEA and SWA as the probing antigens evaluated 50 sera samples each from Sh positive, negative endemic (NE), and non-endemic (NNE) individuals. SDS-PAGE analysis of crude protein extracts was conducted, followed by Western blot analysis using primary antibodies from pooled Sh-infected sera samples. Results: Diagnostic performance was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity. The AUC values for Sh SEA and SWA were 0.75 and 0.76 in NE samples, and 0.91 and 0.89 in NNE samples, respectively. Sensitivities 90 (95% CI: 78.64–95.65)/ 64.71 (95% CI: 52.17–75.92), and specificities 50 (95% CI: 36.64–63.36)/ 81.25 (95% CI: 63.56–92.79) were recorded for SEA and SWA, respectively in NE samples. In addition, sensitivities 90 (78.64–95.65)/ 92 (95% CI: 80.77–97.78), and specificities 72 (95% CI: 58.33–82.53)/ 72.00 (95% CI: 57.51–83.77) were recorded for SEA and SWA, respectively in NNE samples. The mean antibody titer against Sh SEA in infected samples was significantly higher than in non-infected samples (P <0.0001). Eight immunoreactive protein bands; four each of SEA and SWA were identified, indicating potential for diagnostic tool development. Interpretation & conclusion: Sh SEA and SWA demonstrate promise for diagnosing urogenital schistosomiasis in both endemic and non-endemic regions. © 2025 Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications. All rights reserved.

Keywords

ELISA; immunodiagnostic; Schistosomiasis; soluble egg and worm antigens; Western blotting; Adult; Animals; Antibodies, Helminth; Antigens, Helminth; Blotting, Western; Child; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Helminth Proteins; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Ovum; ROC Curve; Schistosoma haematobium; Schistosomiasis haematobia; Sensitivity and Specificity; Serologic Tests; Young Adult; parasite antigen; soluble egg antigen; unclassified drug; worm antigen; helminth antibody; helminth protein; adolescent; antibody response; Article; controlled study; endemic disease; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; false positive result; human; Nigeria; nonhuman; polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; receiver operating characteristic; serodiagnosis; animal; blood; diagnosis; immunology; isolation and purification; procedures; serology

Citation Information

Scopus Citations: 3

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