Endocrine interplay between cortisol dysregulation and thyroid dysfunction in smokers with chronic stress: A correlational analysis

Theodor Bilharz Research Institute

Bibliographic Information

Authors: Hegazy H.A.; Alwaseef M.A.; Rezk A.A.; Said S.R.A.; Moursi A.; Saleh R.A.M.; Eldamanhory A.A.; Aiad M.M.N.; Abo-Bakr B.W.; Khedr M.A.E.; Abozeed A.A.; Alnabawy S.M.; Abdou A.M.; Eldamarawy R.H.; Elshehabi A.A.M.; Zeid M.Y.; Gaafar A.M.I.; Mekheimar M.A.; Mahrose H.K.A.; Abuyaman U.S.; Elshahat S.; Abbas H.S.S.Z.

Journal: Journal of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research

Publisher: Sami Publishing Company

Publication Date: 2025

Volume / Issue: Volume 7 / Issue 12

Pages: 2663–2675

ISSN: 29810221

DOI: 10.48309/jmpcr.2025.512126.1632

Scopus: View on Scopus

Document Type: Article

Authors and Affiliations

Hegazy H.A., Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Environment and Climate Change Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt; Alwaseef M.A., Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt; Rezk A.A., Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt; Said S.R.A., Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt; Moursi A., Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt; Saleh R.A.M., Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Egypt; Eldamanhory A.A., Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Egypt; Aiad M.M.N., Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt; Abo-Bakr B.W., Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt; Khedr M.A.E., Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt; Abozeed A.A., Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt; Alnabawy S.M., Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt; Abdou A.M., Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt; Eldamarawy R.H., Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt; Elshehabi A.A.M., Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt; Zeid M.Y., Department of Psychiatry Faculty of Medicine Al, Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt; Gaafar A.M.I., Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt; Mekheimar M.A., Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, New Damietta, Egypt; Mahrose H.K.A., Department of Clinical Chemistry, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt; Abuyaman U.S., Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt; Elshahat S., Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Egypt; Abbas H.S.S.Z., Department of Internal Medicine, Ain Sham University, Cairo, Egypt

Abstract

This study aimed to explore the correlation between thyroid dysfunction and cortisol dysregulation in smokers with chronic stress. A total of 40 patients with chronic stress and 20 healthy controls were recruited for the study. Participants were assessed for serum cortisol levels at three time points (morning, postprandial, and evening), as well as TSH, FT3, FT4, and level of cotinine as a biomarker of smoking. Statistical analyses, including Student’s t-test and linear correlation, were conducted to assess differences and associations between the groups. The results revealed significantly lower morning cortisol (AM) and postprandial cortisol (PP) levels in patients compared to controls, suggesting cortisol dysregulation. Additionally, 52.5% of the patient group presented with subclinical thyroid abnormalities, including elevated TSH levels despite normal FT4 and FT3 values, suggesting the presence of subclinical hypothyroidism. This study highlights the importance of integrated testing for both thyroid and cortisol levels in smokers with chronic stress. The high incidence of hypothyroidism among patients indicates the need for more sensitive diagnostic tools. Further research is essential to explore the cortisol-thyroid axis and its implications for managing thyroid dysfunction in smokers exposed to chronic stress. © 2025 by SPC (Sami Publishing Company).

Keywords

chronic stress; Cortisol dysregulation; hypothyroidism; smoking; thyroid dysfunction

Citation Information

Scopus Citations: 3

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