Chemical profiling, cytotoxicity and mode of action of sea urchin Echinometra mathaei exoskeleton extract in HepG2 cancer cell line

Theodor Bilharz Research Institute

Bibliographic Information

Authors: G. Abbass S.; A. A. Hussein A.; B. Salem M.; A. Osman E.E.; Elsaey M.A.; G. Abbass S.; Z. Farhat A.; Abu El-Regal M.A.; Ismail M.; Abdel-Rahman M.A.

Journal: Toxin Reviews

Publisher: Taylor and Francis Ltd.

Publication Date: 4 October 2024

Volume / Issue: Volume 44 / Issue 1

Pages: 100–111

ISSN: 15569543

DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2024.2409640

Scopus: View on Scopus

Document Type: Article

Authors and Affiliations

G. Abbass S., Marine Science Department, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt; A. A. Hussein A., Medical Malacology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt; B. Salem M., Pharmacology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt; A. Osman E.E., Medicinal Chemistry Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt; Elsaey M.A., Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt; G. Abbass S., Marine Science Department, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt, Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), Bremen, Germany, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany; Z. Farhat A., Marine Microbiology Laboratory, Marine Environment Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Cairo Governorate, Egypt; Abu El-Regal M.A., Marine Science Department, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt, Marine Biology Department, Faculty of Marine Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Ismail M., Marine Science Department, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt; Abdel-Rahman M.A., Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt

Abstract

Marine organisms contain several secondary metabolites with potent biological and pharma­cological activities. This research aimed to study the cytotoxicity and mechanism of action of methanol (MeOH) extract from the exoskeleton (shell and spines) of the sea urchin Echinometra Mathaei on human liver cancer cell line (HepG2). E. mathaei was collected from the intertidal zone of the Red Sea, Al-Ain Al-Sokhna, Egypt. HepG2 cells were treated with the MeOH extract for 24 and 48 hours to assess the cytotoxic activity and the potential molecular mechanisms. The expression levels of apoptosis-, autophagy-, and cell proliferation-related genes and/or proteins were measured. In addition, metabolomic profiling of the extract was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The extract displayed cytotoxic activity on the liver cancer cells (IC50 29.47 and 14.97 µg/ml at 24 and 48 hours, respectively). It induced apoptosis, autophagy and inhibited cell proliferation of HepG2 cells. The metabolomic profiling showed that the extract is rich in fatty acids. These results demonstrated that the exoskeleton MeOH extract of E. mathaei induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells, confirming its cytotoxic effect. Therefore, a thorough investigation of its molecular target and structure is necessary to develop novel anticancer therapeutics from marine Sea urchins. © 2024 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

Keywords

apoptosis; autophagy; GC-MS; Red Sea, liver cancer; Sea urchin Echinometra mathaei; (13,14 epoxy) tetradec 11 en 1 ol acetate; 1 heptatriacotanol; 1,2 benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis (2 ethylhexyl) ester; 13 octadecenoic acid methyl ester; 5,8,11,14 eicosatetraenoic acid methyl ester; 7,10 octadecadienoic acid methyl ester; 9 octadecenoic acid; 9 octadecenoic acid 2 hydroxy 12 hydroxy 1 ester; alcohol derivative; antimitotic agent; arachidonic acid; beclin 1; benzoic acid; beta actin; carboxylic acid; caspase 3; caspase 9; cytochrome c; cytotoxic agent; Echinometra mathaei exoskeleton extract; ethyl iso allocholate; fatty acid; hexadecanoic acid methyl ester; hexanoic acid; hexanoic acid 2 ethyl; Ki 67 antigen; linoleic acid; messenger RNA; n hexadecanoic acid; natural product; palmitic acid; protein Bax; protein bcl 2; protein kinase B; protein p53; steroid; unclassified drug; vaccenic acid; antiproliferative activity; Article; autophagy (cellular); cell proliferation; chemical composition; chemical fingerprinting; chinometra mathaei; controlled study; cytotoxicity; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; exoskeleton; Hep-G2 cell line; human; human cell; IC50; intertidal zone; mass fragmentography; metabolic fingerprinting; mRNA expression level; nonhuman; protein expression level; Red Sea; sea urchin; upregulation

Citation Information

Scopus Citations: 0

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