Insight on the hepatitis B virus and host immune mechanisms in the context of occult hepatitis

Theodor Bilharz Research Institute

Bibliographic Information

Authors: El Said M.; Alshanberi A.M.; Abouelmagd F.; Shaikhomer M.

Journal: The Egyptian journal of immunology

Publication Date: 2024

Volume / Issue: Volume 31 / Issue 1

Pages: 87–105

ISSN: 11104902

Scopus: View on Scopus

PubMed: 38224274

Document Type: Article

Authors and Affiliations

El Said M., Department of Microbiology and Infection Prevention and Control Unit, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, 12411, Giza, Egypt, General Medicine Practice Program, Department of Microbiology, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, 21442, Saudi Arabia; Alshanberi A.M., Department of Community Medicine and Pilgrims Health Care, Umm Alqura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia; Abouelmagd F., General Medicine Practice Program, Department of Microbiology, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, 21442, Saudi Arabia, Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt, General Medicine Practice Program, Department of Physiology, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, 21442, Saudi Arabia, Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Kasr Alainy, Giza11562, Egypt; Shaikhomer M., Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Hepatitis B virus infection is the 10th leading cause of death around the world. Occult HBV infection (OBI) represents those with a viral load of < 104 IU/ml. Among permanent blood recipients, OBI appears to be the most common cause of posttransfusion hepatitis. Moreover, OBI may reduce hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment responsiveness in people with chronic HCV infection, and OBI may become acutely reactivated when on immunosuppression or potentially contribute to chronic liver disease. Since most previous studies used either small sample sizes, diverse populations, or were cross-sectional in design, it is possible that using multiple techniques with varying sensitivity for HBV DNA measurement in the liver or serum will shed light on discrepancies in the impact of OBI in cases with chronic liver disease. The purpose of this research is to review many elements of OBI, such as its prevalence, the hepatitis B virus and host immune mechanisms, diagnostic procedures, clinical implications, therapy, and prevention strategies. Copyright© by the Egyptian Association of Immunologists.

Keywords

Hepatitis B; Hepatitis B virus; Hepatitis C; Hepatitis C, Chronic; Humans; chronic hepatitis C; human

Citation Information

Scopus Citations: 2

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