Antiparasitic and immunomodulating effects of nitazoxanide, ivermectin and selenium on cryptosporidium infection in diabetic mice; [Efeitos antiparasitários e imunomodulantes da nitazoxanida, ivermectina e selênio sobre a infecção por cryptosporidium em camundongos diabéticos]

Theodor Bilharz Research Institute

Bibliographic Information

Authors: Fahmy M.-E.A.; Abdelaal A.A.; Hassan S.I.; Shalaby M.A.; Ismail M.A.M.; Khairy R.A.; Badawi M.A.; Afife A.A.; Fadl H.O.

Journal: Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinaria

Publisher: Brazilain Coll Veterinary Parasitology

Publication Date: 2021

Volume / Issue: Volume 30 / Issue 4

Article No.: e012121

ISSN: 0103846X

DOI: 10.1590/S1984-29612021087

Scopus: View on Scopus

PubMed: 34852131

Document Type: Article

Access: All Open Access; Gold Open Access; Green Open Access

Authors and Affiliations

Fahmy M.-E.A., Medical Parasitology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute – TBRI, Giza, Egypt; Abdelaal A.A., Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt, Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Armed Forces College of Medicine – AFCM, Cairo, Egypt; Hassan S.I., Medical Parasitology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute – TBRI, Giza, Egypt; Shalaby M.A., Medical Parasitology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute – TBRI, Giza, Egypt; Ismail M.A.M., Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; Khairy R.A., Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; Badawi M.A., Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, National Research Institute, Giza, Egypt; Afife A.A., College of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Leicester University, United Kingdom; Fadl H.O., Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt

Abstract

The present work aims to investigate the antiparasitic and the immunomodulating effects of nitazoxanide (NTZ) and ivermectin (IVC) alone or combined together or combined with selenium (Se), on Cryptosporidium infection in diabetic mice. The results revealed that the combined NTZ and IVC therapy achieved the highest reduction of fecal oocysts (92%), whereas single NTZ showed the lowest reduction (63%). Also, adding Se to either NTZ or IVC resulted in elevation of oocyst reduction from 63% to 71% and from 82% to 84% respectively. All treatment regimens, with the exception of NTZ monotherapy, showed a significant improvement in the intestinal histopathology, the highest score was in combined NTZ and IVC therapy. The unique results of immunohistochemistry in this study showed reversal of the normal CD4/CD8 T cell ratio in the infected untreated mice, however, following therapy it reverts back to a normal balanced ratio. The combined (NTZ+ IVC) treatment demonstrated the highest level of CD4 T cell expression. Taken together, NTZ and IVC combined therapy showed remarkable anti-parasitic and immunostimulatory effects, specifically towards the CD4 population that seem to be promising in controlling cryptosporidiosis in diabetic individuals. Further research is required to explore other effective treatment strategies for those comorbid patients. © 2021, Brazilain Coll Veterinary Parasitology. All rights reserved.

Keywords

CD4; CD8; Cryptosporidium; Diabetes; Ivermectin; Selenium; Animals; Antiparasitic Agents; Cryptosporidiosis; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Mice; Nitro Compounds; Rodent Diseases; Thiazoles; amphotericin B; interleukin 1beta; nitazoxanide; stromelysin; tumor necrosis factor; antiparasitic agent; nitro derivative; thiazole derivative; animal model; Article; cell infiltration; cellular immunity; controlled study; diabetes mellitus; diabetic foot; Helicobacter infection; immune response; immunohistochemistry; isosporiasis; kidney transplantation; lamina propria; lower gastrointestinal tract; male; microscopy; minimum bactericidal concentration; monotherapy; mouse; natural killer cell; nonhuman; parasitosis; risk factor; schistosomiasis; tail vein blood; animal; experimental diabetes mellitus; rodent disease

Citation Information

Scopus Citations: 23

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