Antimicrobial Activity of Zinc Oxide-Based Calotropis Procera (Aiton) W.T.Aiton Leaf Extract Nanocomposite in Wastewater Remediation
Bibliographic Information
Authors: Ghareeb M.A.; Khalaf O.M.; Abd El-Latif M.B.; Azzam A.M.
Journal: Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries
Publisher: Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health
Publication Date: 1 September 2025
Volume / Issue: Volume 29 / Issue 5
Pages: 1535–1552
ISSN: 11106131
DOI: 10.21608/ejabf.2025.403663.6204
Scopus: View on Scopus
Document Type: Article
Access: All Open Access; Gold Open Access
Authors and Affiliations
Ghareeb M.A., Medicinal Chemistry Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute (TBRI), Giza, Egypt; Khalaf O.M., Chemistry of Natural Product Department, Ministry of Education, Anbar Education Directorate, Iraq; Abd El-Latif M.B., Environmental Research Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute (TBRI), Giza, Egypt; Azzam A.M., Environmental Research Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute (TBRI), Giza, Egypt
Abstract
In recent years, wastewater treatment technologies have garnered more attention as the world pursues fulfilling the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This study has pointed to the role of wastewater control that plays toward achieving one of the SDGs: clean water and sanitation. In this work, the phytochemical screening of Calotropis procera leaf extract detected the appearance of various classes of secondary metabolites involving saponins, phenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, terpenoids, and tannins. Moreover, HPLC examination revealed that the investigated extract comprises phenolic acids and flavonoids. The average size of semi-spherical zinc oxide nanoparticles is 30.27nm; they were fabricated and conjugated with C. procera leaf extract to improve the antimicrobial activity. The results in this study recorded significant antimicrobial performance of ZnO NPs and C. procera leaf extract; however, the synthesized CP@ZnO nanocomposite showed maximum antimicrobial activities against the most strains found in wastewater in a relatively low concentration (MIC= 50, 75, and 35µg/ l for S. aureus, E. coli, and C. albicans, respectively). The novel CP@ZnO nanocomposite is considered to be an efficient and safe antimicrobial agent and effective for wastewater treatment in local communities to provide unconventional water sources from water reuse. © 2025, Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health. All rights reserved.
Keywords
Antimicrobial; Calotropis procera; Nanoparticles; SDGs; Wastewater; Zinc oxide
Citation Information
Scopus Citations: 0
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