In vivo evaluation the efficiency of nitazoxanide with cationic Gemini surfactant on Cryptosporidiosis
Bibliographic Information
Authors: Ahmed Z.; Kandeel E.M.; Abdelmaksoud H.F.; Aboushousha T.; Badr E.E.
Journal: Baghdad Science Journal
Publisher: University of Baghdad
Publication Date: 20 April 2023
Volume / Issue: Volume 20 / Issue 6
Pages: 2086–2105
ISSN: 20788665
Scopus: View on Scopus
Document Type: Article
Access: All Open Access; Gold Open Access; Green Open Access
Authors and Affiliations
Ahmed Z., Faculty of Science for Girls, University of Al-Azhar, Cairo, Egypt; Kandeel E.M., Faculty of Science for Girls, University of Al-Azhar, Cairo, Egypt; Abdelmaksoud H.F., Department of Parasitology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt; Aboushousha T., Department of Pathology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt; Badr E.E., Faculty of Science for Girls, University of Al-Azhar, Cairo, Egypt
Abstract
Infection with cryptosporidiosis endangers the lives of many people with immunodeficiency, especially HIV patients. Nitazoxanide is one of the main therapeutic drugs used to treat cryptosporidiosis. However, it is poorly soluble in water, which restricts its usefulness and efficacy in immunocompromised patients. Surfactants have an amphiphilic character which indicates their ability to improve the water solubility of the hydrophobic drugs. Our research concerns the synthesis of new cationic Gemini surfactants that have the ability to improve the solubility of the drug Nanazoxide. So, we synthesized cationic Gemini surfactants. N1,N1,N3,N3-tetramethyl-N1,N3-bis(2-octadecanamidoethyl)propane-1,3-diaminium bromide (CGSPS18) and 2,2'-(ethane-1,2-diylbis(oxy))bis(N-(2-octadecanamidoethyl)-N,N-dimethyl-2-oxoethane-1-aminium) dichloride (CGSES18) and the detection of their chemical composition by spectroscopic methods, as well as studying the properties of their surfaces and their toxicity. Furthermore, the efficacy of nitazoxanide in infected mice was studied in conjunction with three different doses of surfactants. To assess the effect of nitazoxanide and surfactants, the infection was parasitologically counted before and after treatment, and the intestinal, liver, and lung tissues were also examined histopathologically. In this study, it was found that the combination of the drug nitazoxanide with surfactants, especially the compound (CGSPS18) at a concentration of 25% increased the efficacy and resulted in a percentage reduction of 90.8%. Histopathological examination revealed that the group treated with the drug nitazoxanide in combination with CGSPS18 showed the best results exhibiting an almost normal villous pattern. This study demonstrated an increase in the effectiveness of nitazoxanide when combined with surfactants, and this suggests a promising future for the use of surfactants as an adjunct to enhance the effectiveness of nitazoxanide for the treatment of cryptosporidiosis in immunocompromised patients, particularly HIV patients. © 2023 University of Baghdad. All rights reserved.
Keywords
Cationic Gemini Surfactant; Cryptosporidium; HIV patients; Immunocompromised; Nitazoxanide
Citation Information
Scopus Citations: 3
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